• Solvent extraction and related separation chemistries unify mineral processing research, enabling selective metal recovery across diverse systems (Ni with capric acid; Pt/Pd/Rh/Ir by TBP; Ir/Rh separation; U/Th by TBP) and shaping process design [10], [14], [16], [20].

• Paragenesis and ore-genesis analysis frame mineral systems as integrated with thermodynamic and geochemical constraints, using mineral-fluid interactions, crystallography, and phase equilibria to explain mineralization patterns from enamel to pegmatites [8], [12], [15], [17], [19].

• Advances in mineral characterization and physics—luminescence, pore structure, layering, and structural minerals—drive detailed understanding of mineral properties and their implications for processing and deposit interpretation [4], [5], [6], [17], [19].

• Environmental mineralogy and economic geology intersect in assessing mineral resources, deposits, and management with policy-relevant frameworks, prospectivity analysis, and geochemical constraints [1], [3], [13].

• Integrated geochemical and solution-chemistry frameworks provide a unifying view of mineral systems, emphasizing equilibria, solution behavior, and dissolution processes as foundational to ore-genesis and processing strategies [8], [13], [15].